"All About Pheromones"

Pheromones are small organic molecules which act as a form of chemical communication between two animals of the same species. They are typically secreted onto the skin or hair, and then travel through the air and have an effect when inhaled. Very tiny amounts of pheromones can have large effects when inhaled.

There is a special organ in the nose called the vomeronasal organ (or VNO) which detects and reacts with pheromones, though recent research shows that pheromones may be able to work even without interacting with the VNO. You do not have to smell a pheromone to be affected by it – it has been shown that even very tiny quantities which are too diluted to have any odor still have an effect on the brain.

There are several types of pheromones which have been identified:

• Primer pheromones – these cause a shift in the hormonal system of the receiver.

  In 1971 researcher Martha McClinock (now at University of Chicago) published a study showing that menstrual cycles of women who lived together became synchronized. This was later shown to be caused by pheromones.

• Releaser pheromones – these can produce specific behavior patterns, such as sexual attraction, avoidance, etc.

  In many lower animals, small amounts of releaser pheromones are sufficient to cause the animal to behave in a certain way. The first pheromone, which was discovered in 1956, was a sex attractant releaser pheromone for silkworm moths which causes male moths to beat their wings rapidly in a mating "flutter dance". This eliciting of specific behavior has not been demonstrated in more complex animals like humans.

• Information pheromones – these convey information about the individual producing the pheromones to the individual receiving them.

  This information can include social status, health status, sexual status, youth or age, etc.

• Additionally pheromones can have other effects, such as producing feelings of calmness, happiness, stimulation, or, if misused, anxiety.

• CNN: Study finds proof that humans react to pheromones
• ABCnews: Something in the Way She Smells - Pheromone Increases Sexual Attractiveness
• WebMD: Pheromones: Potential Participants in Your Sex Life
• Psychology Today: The Smell of Love Why do some people smell better to you? A look at how human body odor influences sexual attraction.

In all these situations, the right combination of pheromones, applied properly can help.

In our own research, we've found that different people benefit from different combinations of pheromones. That's why we don't just have one formula for men and one for women -- people are different and they need different formulas to get the effects they desire.

In fact, androstenone is a male pheromone mainly useful for attracting attention and creating a powerful or dominant aura. In people who already produce a lot of their own androstenone or who actually are powerful and dominant, adding more androstenone is likely to make them seem overbearing and threatening rather than more attractive.

Women also respond to androstenone differently at different times of the month. Some studies have shown that women have a negative response to androstenone during times when they are menstruating or close to those times.

Formulas which only include androstenone don't take advantage of the unique and powerful effects of other pheromones. Androstenol, for example, has been shown to elevate luteinizing hormone in women who are exposed to it, and luteinizing hormone is an indicator of sexual desire.

Androstenone also is not the best pheromone for women to use if they want to attract men, although small amounts can be useful for creating an aura of power.

In fact, Pherone Formulas contain much higher concentrations of pheromones than other products which claim to be "super-concentrated" or "at the legal limit".

Steroids tend not to dissolve well in water, but they do dissolve in non-polar fluids such as alcohol. Alcohol does not change the structure of the pheromones, inactivate them, or cause any other changes or problems with the pheromones.

In fact, alcohol performs two other useful functions:

• It keeps the pheromone solution sterile, which increases shelf-life.
• It kills bacteria on the skin where the pheromones are applied. Skin bacteria are capable of breaking down pheromones fairly quickly, which destroys their effectiveness.

Research has shown that:

• When men inhale copulins it can increase their testosterone levels by about 150%, almost instantaneously.
• In the presence of copulins, men judge women to be more attractive.

This means that copulins can be useful for women to use to attract men, and for men to use on themselves to temporarily increase their testosterone levels.

Not all copulins are created equal however: for maximum pheromone effect, a precise ratio of specific aromatic compounds must be maintained. This set of compounds and ratios simulates a young, fertile woman at her time of ovulation.

• Pheromones work in very minute concentrations -- they are effective even in amounts too small to smell.
• Pheromones are sexually dimorphic in terms of odor perception. In other words, male pheromones usually have more of an odor to men, and more of an effect on women. Female pheromones usually have more of an odor to women and more of an effect on men.
• Pheromones which smell bad to men may smell good to women, and vice versa.
• Some pheromones seem to always smell good to women, while others (androstenone, for example) smell bad to women except during the time of the month when they are ovulating.
• About 40%-50% of men cannot smell androstenone, so be careful: It's easy to over-apply when you can't smell it!

Here are several good links:

• Pheromones and Mammals
• Pheromones, in context
• University of Chicago researchers establish proof of human pheromones
• Pheromones: The Chemical Signals for Attraction

We don't disclose our formulas because we have invested considerable time and effort into the research required to create them. But we do promise that you will find Pherone Formulas to be the most effective pheromones available. We guarantee it!

Our copulin products are formulated using research-grade aromatic compounds which are at least 99% pure.

Because of the alcohol content of Pherone Formulas, they are antiseptic and do not require refrigeration

This means that Pherone Formulas smell like pheromones. See above for more information on What do pheromones smell like?

Some people like the smell of pheromones, others prefer to disguise their smell by using a cologne or essential oil "cover scent", particularly when using formulas containing androstenone or copulins. A number of our female customers have reported that they enjoy the smell of pheromones, particularly of Pherone Formula V-5.

Pherone does no animal testing. All our products are "cruelty-free"!

A dab is obtained by inverting the Pherone Formula bottle and wetting a fingertip with it, then rubbing the fingertip on the clothing or skin. A drop is a drop as dispensed by the dropper bottle.

Note that pheromones applied to clothing stay on the clothing for a period of time. They may persist even through two or three washings, so be careful not to apply too much. Build-up especially of Pherone Formulas containing androstenone can lead to an over-application.

If you choose to apply to the skin, the best way to fully remove the pheromones is by using a pad or cotton ball moistened with rubbing alcohol.